Television has only recently become an all-digital medium.   Programmes used to be made using analogue video or celluloid film.

This is how 16mm film was shot:

This is how analogue video worked:

This website offers a hands on history of TV’s physical media, used to create millions of hours of TV around the world. It offers:

Over 130 videos – most in short, medium and long length versions
More than 12 hours of footage
Interactive stories about television history
Profiles of television veterans

Our videos recreate how TV used to be made, using historic film and video technologies operated by the professionals who once used them every day.

All 130 videos can be downloaded and used under a Creative Commons licence from the Figshare repository. The 52 about analogue video production and editing can also be found in Europeana, the European digital library.

Here’s a lightening version of our recreation of 16mm filming, shot on four cameras:

These videos were directed by Amanda Murphy as part of the ADAPT project, funded by the European Research Council, headed by Professor John Ellis. They provide unique information about how TV used to be made, and have been widely used, even by the BBC

https://www.bbc.com/historyofthebbc/research/bbc-tv-colour

Scroll down to find out more about our reenactments

Our reenactments

Between 2013 and 2018, ADAPT carried out a series of ambitious and ground-breaking historical reenactment experiments.

We brought together retired television production staff and obsolete production equipment. Television film editors were reunited with flatbed editing tables. Camera operators once again operated long-disused electronic broadcast cameras.

Our modern digital cameras recorded participants as their memories flooded back. They worked together as teams, recreating their roles in the complex television production chain. This hands on history approach captures the subtle dynamics of television labour, which cannot easily be revealed in the traditional interview.

Our reenactments combined free-flowing television production activity and semi-structured interviews. The resulting video material sits somewhere between oral history and television documentary.

This use of hands on history is explored in our publications.

Hands on Media History (ed. by Nick Hall and John Ellis)

Scroll down to find out how to use this website

How to use this website

We filmed hundreds of hours of footage during our reenactment experiments. We edited these rushes into many series of videos which offer an insight into each stage of the historical television production process.

All of the project’s videos are hosted on our Figshare repository, and many videos embedded in the pages of this website.

Videos of our 16mm television film reenactments, for example, follow the production process from shooting, through film processing, editing, and finally telecine. You can use the menus at the top of the page to explore various aspects of the television production process.

This site has just a few videos embedded in it. For our full collection of videos, please visit the project’s long-term data repository on the Figshare website. There you will find three versions of almost everything:  short (i.e. bitesize); medium (i.e. highlights); long (i.e. real time).

A full catalogue of our video collections can be downloaded here. 

All videos are downloadable for you to use as you wish. Downloads can take time depending on network speeds.

You can also find similar videos in our curated collection of playlists on our YouTube channel.

Stories offer an in-depth, interactive way to explore the history of television production technology

This website also offers a Timeline which enables you to explore the chronological development of some of the key production technologies highlighted by this project.

Finally, we have produced a series of ‘Stories‘ – in-depth, interactive accounts of television history and production culture.